Carburizing is a comparatively simple process that is adaptable to meet a variety of requirements.A few general comments on the process and results as follows:
Carburizing is usually done in the temperature range of 913deg C to 954deg C. In this temperature range,particularly for some steels, the austenite grain size in both case and core may increase appreciably.If this occurs and cannot be tolerated,the coarse grain must be refined by two treatments---one at about 913deg C to refined the core and a following one at 788deg C to refine the case.Or only the case may be refined by a single reheat to 788deg C.
In either event the 788deg C heating is followed by quenching for hardening. This double or single heating for refining is expensive and causes increased distortion.It is much more satisfactory to use a steel that will not coarsen at carburizing temeprature and to quench direct.Many steels,particularly some of the low alloy types,will not coarsen with long exposure to carburizing temperature and are suitable for direct quenching.
Some carburized parts are specified to have high case hardness and low core hardness. These parts cannot be direct quenched from the carburizing temperature because core hardness would be too high.These parts must be quenched from a temprature high enough to harden the case but not high enough to harden the core---ususlly about 774deg C.
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